List of Major and Minor Defects in Garment Manufacturing

Introduction:
Defects in garment manufacturing can arise at different stages of the production process, from the fabric selection to final packaging. During garments manufacturing different kinds of major and minor defects are occur in garments. Defects crop up in a garment due to diverse reasons. Types of garment, customer demand, standard of quality, technology used, worker skill etc greatly affects defect, its source and its severity etc. A company must make a list of major and minor defects which must not be present in the garments manufacturing or packages. Identifying and addressing these defects is crucial to ensure the production of high-quality garments.

Types of Garment Defects:
There are some common defects in garment manufacturing:

1. Construction Defects
2. Color Defects
3. Fabric Defects
4. Trims Defects
5. Packing Defects
6. Measurement Defect

Types of Defects:
During garment inspection, defects are generally classified in to three categories.

1. Major Defects
2. Minor Defects
3. Critical Defects

1. Major Defects:
The defects that are easily visible and impair functional quality or serviceability of a product are called major defects. stain, hole puckering etc on the front part of a garment comprise major defects. Major defects spoil general good appearance and the saleability of the products. Buyers are not interested to purchase such goods. No one is certainly interested to buy a defective merchandise at a price.

2. Minor Defects:
The defects that are not visible from outside and that are located in the unimportant area of garments and do not impair their functional quality comprise minor defects. Buyers are generally accept this kind of garments with minor defects.

3. Critical Defects:
It refers that the product is unsafe or hazardous for the end-user or violates mandatory regulations. If a critical defect is found anywhere then it is better not to buy the garment. Because critical defects include various problems that render the garment unusable. Some examples of critical defects are breaking something like metal and staying in clothes, no buttons in clothes, and having problems with clothing care labels.

Factors to be Considered for Classification of Defects:

1. Location of defects
2. Size of the defects
3. How visible the defects from 18″ distance
4. End use of the product

List of Major and Minor Defects in Garments Manufacturing:
Customer generally supply a list of major and minor defects so as to take care of them.
Different Types of Major and Minor Defects in Garments Manufacturing are listed in below: 

How to Prevent Defects in Garment Manufacturing:
For manufacture of quality garments, the following measures have to be rigorously taken prior to start production. There should be approved sample and approved swatch card. Swatch card must show fabric, trims, accessories etc required for production of garments.

1. Check quality of raw materials as soon as they reach store and ensure their specified quality.
2. Pattern should be flawless.
3. Ensure that a proper Quality Management System (QMS) is installed and working.
4. Size and color wise bundling of cut fabrics should be precise.
5. Ensure that sewing and stitching should be without defects.
6. ensure workmanship and work standard.
7. Ensure quality of finishing and packing.
8. Assortment should be as per Specification.
9. Ensure use of proper machine, tools, folders and attachments etc.
10. Machinery should be well maintained.
11. Workers should be highly skilled and trained to do their job and responsibilities well.
12. Job of each operator should be clearly explained and if possible, should be given in writing.

To maintain regular quality control measures, effective communication between production stages, and proper training of personnel can help to minimize these defects in garment manufacturing. To get defects free garments, apply quality assurance processes, such as inspections and testing, can also contribute to the overall improvement of product quality.

References:

1. Apparel Manufacturing Technology by T. Karthik, P. Ganesan, D. Gopalakrishnan
2. Quality Management in the Apparel Industry by Engr. A. J. S. M. Khaled

You may also read:

1. Why Defects Occur in Garments Industry?
2. Classification of Defects Zone in Apparel During Visual Inspection
3. How Inspection Sampling Plan Works in Clothing Industry

Jahanara Rony

Editor of Fashion2Apparel. She is a fashion designer and ex-lecturer in Fashion Designing. She wants to spread fashion knowledge throughout the world.

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